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 The Three Departments and Six Ministries System was initiated during the Sui Dynasty (581 - 618). Subject to some adjustments at different times, the system was employed by subsequent dynasties right up to and including the Qing (1644 - 1911).
During the Sui Dynasty, the three departments were known as the Shangshu, Menxia and Neili.
The Shangshu Department was in charge of the administrative affairs of the country.
The Neili Department dealt with the issue of imperial orders.
The Menxia Department handled the verification of orders and policies.
The three boards restricted and oversaw each other. The senior official of each department was equivalent to Zaixiang, namely prime minister.
"Six Ministries" referred to the six branches of the Shangshu Department.
The Ministry of Civil Affairs - responsible for the appointment, training and dismissal of officials.
The Ministry of Rites - responsible for the emperor's religious obligations and ceremonial, schools, examinations, reception of foreign guests, and selection of officials.
The Ministry of Military Affairs - responsible for the military affairs, such as conscription, training army, declaring war, ordnance, and etc.
The Ministry of Punishments - responsible for law enforcement and judicature.
The Ministry of Finance - responsible for household registration and finance.
The Ministry of Public Works - responsible for building new facilities and bringing wasteland under cultivation.
Of these, the Ministry of Civil Affairs ranked highest. The senior secretary of each ministry was called Shangshu and the assistant Shilang.
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